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Both positive and negetive
Anxiety: diffuse, vague and very unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension. They worry a lot, puticularly about unknown dangers. Physical and psychological symptoms-
Physical- rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fainting, dizziness, sweating, sleeplessness, frequent urination, tremors.
Psychological- possible future events fear, catastrophic interpretations of past, feeling uncertainity and helpless, overly sensitive to threatening cues.
Earlier called neurosis.
Individual is abnormally anxious either generally or
specific situation, but still has adequate contact with reality and rarely need
institutionalization.
Major catagories:
Generalized
Anxiety disorder
Prolonged, vague,
unexplained, but intense fears that does not seem to be attached to any
purticular object. Anxious for minor, or even when no stimuli present.
Symptoms-
1. Worry
and apprehensive feelings about feature.
2. Hypervigilance-
hyper aroused state
3. Motor
tension- not relaxed
4. Autonomic
Reactivity- symathetic and parasympathetic nervous system working overtime
Clinical
Features:
1. Excessive
anxiety and worry occuring for atleast 6 months and affecting many areas of
person’s life (no medication)
2. Inability
to control worry
3. Three
or more symptoms (DSM IV TR)
(a) Restlessness,
feeling on edge
(b) Being
easily fatigued
(c) Difficulty
in concentration
(d) Irritablity
(e) Muscle
tension
(f) Sleep
disturbance
4. Considerable
distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of
life.
Amyglada and neurotransmitters
Cognitively and psychodynamically Oriented
psychotherapy.
Panic Disorder
Abrupt surge of intense anxiety rising to a peak,
which is cued by either the presence of, thought of a purticular stimuli or
that comes without obvious cues and is spontaneous and unpredictable. Not persistant like phobia. Stressful life
events like new job, marriage, can trigger. Also intense fear of having another
attack. Worry over the implications and
consequences of having panic attacks
Symptoms:
During normal
fuctioning and comes unanticipated. It is recurring. Victims fear that they
will die, go crazy, or do something uncontrolled, and report variety of psycho
sensory symptoms.
Anticipatory Anxiety: Have intense fear of having attacks again and
hence avoid all area where they could possivly have an attack
Constant worry of health and more prone to suicidal
tendencies.
Clinical
features:
Recurrent, Unexpected panick attacks and atleast 1
month of persistant concern having them. Attacks charecterizes-
(a) Shortness
of breath
(b) Dizziness,
Unsteadyness, or faintness
(c) Trembling,
shaking, or sweating
(d) Heart
palpitation, or racing heart rate
(e) Choking,
nausea, or stomach pain
(f) Numbness
or tingling
(g) Chest
pain or discomfort
(h) A
sense of strangeness, or being detached from oneself or one’s surrounding
(i) Fear
of going crazy, losing control or dying
Length- few seconds to days.
Comparison
of panic disorder and GAD-
1.
Panic
disorder have early onset
2. Role
of heredity more in Panic Disoreder
3. Ratio
of women:men greater in PD.
4. Alchaholism
more in PD
5. Unusually
more depressed are PDs
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